Adrenal vein sampling(AVS) is the gold standard to lateralise surgically-curable primary aldosteronism(1). Point-of-care semi-quantitative rapid cortisol assay(RCA) has been shown to increase rate of successful adrenal vein cannulation in this technically challenging procedure(2-4). There is limited published prospective data on accuracy of RCA with continuous intravenous(IV) cosyntropin(ACTH)-infusion.
Aim: Assessment of accuracy of RCA (AVS Accuracy Kit) in predicting successful cannulation during AVS with ACTH-infusion.
Methods: Prospective data was collected November 2021 to August 2023 from AVS procedures performed via sequential cannulation with continuous IV ACTH-infusion (50mcg/hr). RCA was used to predict cannulation success. RCA was inspected visually at 2 and 5 minutes. Appearance of test line indicated likely unsuccessful cannulation and procedure adjusted accordingly. Successful AVS was defined as selectivity index (SI)≥5.0 (adrenal vein cortisol:peripheral vein cortisol).
Results: Thirty-two consecutive AVS were performed with overall success rate 78% (n=25). 108 RCA were used (average 3.4/procedure). 59% (n=19) of procedures were adjusted based on RCA predicting failed cannulation. Of these, 63% (n=12) were subsequently successful. Selectivity index, cortisol levels and 2X2 contingency table are shown in table 1. Absence of RCA test line had 100% positive predictive value for successful cannulation. Presence of RCA test line had 95% negative predictive value, indicating cannulation was highly unlikely. In the 2 cases of inaccurate RCA result (2/108), a very faint line appeared at 5 minutes (adrenal venous cortisol 5004/5352/nmol/L with peripheral cortisol 901/714nmol/L) with final SI ≥5. Slight catheter adjustment was made, with subsequent samples successful with no adverse outcome.
Conclusion: The semi-quantitative RCA can confidently be used to predict successful cannulation in AVS with ACTH-infusion. The procedure should be adjusted in the presence of a definite test line. Radiologist discretion is advised when a very faint test line on RCA is detected.