Objectives: To determine the outcomes of 2 different techniques for surgical management of Rathke’s cleft cysts: marsupialisation compared to fenestration.
Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all surgically resected Rathke’s Cleft Cysts from St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney between the periods of 2015 – 2023. Clinical data including pre-operative symptoms, pituitary dysfunction and post-operative complications was collected from patient files. Radiology reports were reviewed for size, location, septation, fluid-fluid levels and intracystic nodules. Histopathological reports were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and determine any associated hypophysitis and cyst consistency.
Results: Forty-two patients were evaluated (37 marsupialisation, 5 fenestration) with 28.5% presenting with visual deficit, 59.5% with headaches and 16.7% with pituitary dysfunction. Marsupialisation led to an improvement in 75% of patients for visual symptoms and 73.9% of headaches which compares similarly to fenestration in the literature. Histologically, Rathke’s Cleft Cysts showed a higher occurrence of hypophysitis than previously reported in the literature (38.1%). Surgical complications were similar between fenestration and marsupialisation. Cyst recurrence following marsupialisation was just 2.7% compared with fenestration (10%) and notably lower than reported in the literature.
Conclusion: Marsupialisation of Rathke's Cleft Cysts lead to a significant improvement in symptom resolution with a lower cyst recurrence rate than the traditional fenestration technique. Hypophysitis appears to be a more frequently associated with Rathke’s cleft cysts that come to surgical management.